Oscillation modes of piezoelements
All main oscillation modes can be excited in piezoelements:
Longitudinal mode along the length, width or thickness
Bending mode along the width or thickness
Radial mode
Thickness shear mode
Mechanical harmonics (overtones) of the main oscillation modes.
In general case the piezo element can have many resonant frequencies. However, the choice of the piezo element geometry and its electrodes permits to get a pure (monochrome) spectrum in the specified frequency range.
| Oscillation modes | Nature of deformation | Frequency range (kHz) |
| Longitudinal mode along the length, width or thickness |  |
50 ÷ 150 |
| Bending mode along the thickness |  |
1 ÷ 10 |
| Bending mode along the width |  |
10 ÷ 60 |
| Radial modes |  |
150 ÷ 700 |
| 1-st overtone of radial mode oscillations |  |
600 ÷ 1000 |
| Thickness shear mode |  |
800 ÷ 7000 |
| Longitudinal mode along the thickness with energy capture |  |
3000 ÷ 30000 |
| 1-st overtone of thickness oscillations |  |
30000 ÷ 60000 |
The classification shown in the table is not strict. The limits of the frequency range for each oscillation mode can be shifted to one or other side depending on physical constants of a piezo ceramic material, the piezo element design and available technological resources.
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